Worker guidance

Andreas Mühlbauer,

Quality through projection

How industrial companies can use intelligent worker guidance systems to ensure efficiency and quality in assembly and reworking despite an increasing number of variants.

A butterfly representation of the bodywork provides an additional overview. © Extend3D

In the manufacturing industry, we are seeing a strong trend towards individualization and an increasing number of variants. This complicates assembly and post-processing and makes work more difficult for employees. As automation is often difficult to implement here, dynamic laser or video projection can provide a remedy. It displays work steps directly on the component. In this way, processes can be digitized and comprehensive documentation guaranteed.

Simple digital worker guidance, such as with the help of pick-by-light systems or the display of instructions on a screen at the workstation, is already standard in many manufacturing companies. However, where individual customer requirements or the increasing number of variants make it difficult to automate work processes, intelligent systems are needed to support workers in their work.

The dynamic laser and video projection is particularly ideal for applications that require a spatial context: it displays work instructions, CAD data or other important information directly on the workpiece in the correct position and with an accuracy of up to 0.1 mm - even if the component is in motion. In this way, even complex worker guidance processes can be mapped and a high level of accuracy guaranteed. It is also possible to evaluate 3D data in the context of a component and document work processes precisely.

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The strengths of dynamic laser and video projection

In general, digital worker guidance using laser or video projection is recommended for short cycle times, high variant diversity, complexity or employee turnover. It also helps with physically demanding or monotonous tasks and ensures significantly greater safety. Complexity can increase rapidly even with a low number of variants - for example, because many add-on parts or manual work steps are required. An illustrative example is the ITER fusion energy research project: countless sensors and connecting cables have to be fitted to the reactor chamber, and a total of 150,000 welding points have to be set - with a maximum deviation of 2 mm. Thanks to dynamic laser projection, the assembly team can master this challenge. The employees use the system not only to display the attachment points for the welding equipment, but also to visualize the position of components that are to be attached by spot welding. In addition, the laser projects further instructions such as part and welding numbers. The project is so complex that it would be impossible to manage without digital worker guidance.

With very short cycle times, the use of dynamic laser and video projection can be worthwhile even with low complexity. For example, a Japanese car manufacturer uses innovative worker guidance when assembling cable harnesses on various headliners. Although this task is uncomplicated in itself, the worker is under great time pressure: he has to recognize immediately which model is being used and where he has to attach the wiring harness. The projection helps him to do this and avoids errors.

The laser projection shows the worker exactly where polishing is required. © Extend3D

BMW in turn uses dynamic laser projection for quality control in body painting. In the first step, an image processing system uses artificial intelligence to recognize which areas in the top coat or primer need to be touched up. The data serves as the basis for the system to automatically create a laser projection for worker guidance. A green triangle is displayed at each point where manual reworking is required. The dynamic laser and video projection also enables accurate documentation of all work steps and therefore quality assurance within the company.

Bridge between the analog and digital world

Digital information is transferred to the analog world by means of dynamic laser and video projection. By combining digital worker guidance with tool tracking or optical component recognition, manual machining data can also be fed back into the digital model. In this way, the company builds a bidirectional bridge that enables digital mapping of the entire production process.

Tool tracking records exactly which tool the employee is currently using and how long it remains in a position. Additional process parameters such as contact pressure, speed or other personal data can also be transmitted. This allows the company to track exactly whether an employee has carried out all work steps correctly. The collected data can also be linked to other data sources, analyzed using AI or integrated into a digital twin.

To ensure the scalability of digital worker guidance for future requirements, companies need a reliable partner. This partner maintains the software in the long term, continuously improves it and maintains the hardware. Maintenance contracts for software and hardware ensure, for example, that the manufacturer adapts the projection solution accordingly when interfaces are updated. With some systems, for example, it may be necessary to switch to a newer version of Windows or a different CAD format. In such situations, the partner guarantees that the digital worker guidance system will continue to function stably during software maintenance. At the same time, downward compatibility must be guaranteed so that the solution can also work with older systems. The hardware must also be reliable. A comprehensive partner network that enables fast on-site service is also helpful.

To ensure that they remain competitive in the future, manufacturing companies can no longer avoid digital worker guidance. It helps to optimize the efficiency and quality of manual processes despite increasing challenges. The combination with component recognition and digital tool tracking is particularly interesting, allowing for comprehensive documentation and quality assurance. In the future, AI-supported analyses will also provide even more insights from the collected data - for example through integration into digital twins.

Peter Keitler, Managing Director, Extend3D - Part of Atlas Copco Group

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