Additive manufacturing in stop-motion film

Mara Hofacker,

3D printing technology from Fraunhofer IGD nominated for an Oscar

Fraunhofer IGD in Darmstadt is following this year's Oscars ceremony with particular interest: "Mister Link" has been nominated for Best Animated Film. Every single facial expression in the film was 3D-printed using the Cuttlefish software from Darmstadt.

The many faces of Mister Link: A total of over 106,000 faces were 3D-printed for the production. © Laika Studios

Laika's new animated film celebrates its premiere on April 12, and "Mister Link" will be released in German cinemas at the end of May. During production, the animation studio's fifth stop-motion film used the Cuttlefish 3D printer driver from the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD for the first time to create thousands of minimally different "facial expressions" of one and the same character. The biggest challenge was that each individual color tone of an expression had to correspond exactly to the previous one. Laika decided to use the patented Fraunhofer technology Cuttlefish because of its convincing color consistency.

In stop-motion animation, elaborately produced figures are moved in small steps. Photos are taken after each of these changes so that the individual still images can be combined into a complete movie. The sequence of still images in quick succession creates the illusion of movement. In this way, each 24 images become one second of film. To animate the facial expressions of the characters, Laika produced over 106,000 highly detailed colored faces for "Mister Link" using 3D printing on a fleet of Stratasys J750 3D printers, controlled by the 3D printer driver Cuttlefish. Brian McLean, who was nominated for an Oscar for Best Visual Effects in 2017 for "Kubo - The Brave Samurai", is Director of Rapid Prototype and has extensive experience in using 3D printers in stop-motion films. In 2016, he received the Scientific and Engineering Oscar (Academy Plaque) for his pioneering work in the use of 3D printing in stop-motion animation.

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Excerpt from the film "Mister Link - a furry crazy adventure": 3D-printed faces can be seen in almost every shot of the film. © Laika Studios

Cuttlefish is a voxel-based universal printer driver that supports various 3D printing technologies. It makes it possible to work with many printing materials simultaneously, to reproduce the geometry, colors and fine color transitions of the original exactly and to simulate the printout on the screen in advance. Translucencies, i.e. partially or completely transparent materials, can also be printed. The light scattering of an object and the change in color and surface structures depending on the incidence of light are taken into account.

Such realistic 3D printing is not only used in the film industry, but also in other areas such as medicine, automotive engineering and the cultural sector. It is an increasingly important manufacturing process for the production of prototypes, products or replicas. With the increasing range of functions of 3D printers, for example the number of printing materials used, the demands on the control software used in additive manufacturing are also increasing. Accurate positioning of the materials in order to correctly reproduce both geometric and optical properties is a challenge due to the immense amount of data. Cuttlefish is streamable, which means that only the information required for printing is calculated. This minimizes memory consumption and printing starts within seconds, even for very complex and large 3D models.

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