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Zinc components in 3D printing

Andreas Mühlbauer,

Produce prototypes economically

Until now, producing prototypes using zinc die casting has required a lot of time and money. However, thanks to a new process, zinc components can now also be additively manufactured from the series material Zamak 5.

Thanks to a new process, zinc components can now be produced from the series material Zamak 5 using 3D printing. © Protiq

Components made from the zinc alloy Zamak 5 are widely used in industry, as the material has established itself as the standard material for zinc die casting. The areas of application for Zamak 5 range from components mounted in car interiors to connectors and fittings in the window and furniture industry. The production process of zinc die casting allows such components to be manufactured economically in large quantities. Molten metal is pressed at high pressure into a previously produced steel mold. This master mold - the tool - determines the geometry of the component and also represents the greatest financial outlay in production. The tooling costs are typically allocated over the planned quantity, which is why their share is usually only a few cents for large quantities, but can make small batches considerably more expensive.

Particularly in the development phase of new products, changes to the component geometry lead to major financial expenditure. Each adjustment entails an adaptation of the tool, which can result in costs of several thousand euros. Against this background, the first product samples from the series material have so far been produced as late as possible, when the component geometry is largely finalized. Although this saves money, it can lead to design errors that quickly multiply development costs and times at this late stage and jeopardize the punctual market launch.

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Create functional prototypes at an early stage

With the aim of increasing the freedom of product development of zinc components, Protiq is the first 3D printing provider to have succeeded in designing a process for the additive processing of the series material Zamak 5. This makes it possible to overcome the high time and cost expenditure usually associated with zinc die casting. Prototypes and small series can be produced at a low component price. The production of prototypes from zinc is a novelty. The material Zamak 5 has an elongation at break of 2 ±0.5 percent and a modulus of elasticity of 70 ±10 GPa. The accuracy is ±0.1 mm and the minimum wall thickness is 0.4 mm. The value for the tensile strength is 218 ±40 MPa, while the component density is greater than 95 percent.

Protiq produces prototypes and series components from Zamak 5 overnight on 3D printers. © Protiq

By using additive manufacturing, functional prototypes can now be produced from Zamak 5 with the properties of the subsequent series component at an early stage of product development. No costly tools are required for this, as production takes place directly from the 3D CAD data. The additively manufactured workpieces can be electroplated as usual, for example to achieve an elegant, high-gloss chrome look. The typically very rough component surface must first be polished for this. In contrast to zinc die casting, which only pays off from very large quantities, 3D printing enables the economical production of individual pieces and small series, so-called "low runners". Thanks to additive manufacturing, product development, the start of series production and the supply of spare parts also pay off for small quantities.

Free definition of geometry

In addition to the significant time and cost benefits, 3D printing of zinc components also offers new potential. In contrast to zinc die casting, almost any conceivable geometry can be created thanks to the layered structure of the components. Restrictions due to material accumulations, separation planes or ejectors no longer need to be taken into account. In particular, small and delicate components with new functions can be brought to market within a day or produced in series using selective laser melting. Another interesting feature is the ability to produce any number of different geometries simultaneously on one system.

The surface finishing of 3D-printed zinc components enables them to be used in visible areas. © Protiq

Print on demand" enables the direct, tool-free production of products immediately after the order is received. In this way, the customer saves on storage costs and logistics costs are also reduced to a minimum. Such business models have already become established in the paper printing sector. The customer orders their book online and automatically triggers the printing process. The product is then sent to them the next day, hot off the press. The new additive manufacturing technology for zinc components is now also opening up this new business area for the production of industrial components. If the advantage of immediate, fast production is also combined with the new freedom of geometry, there is also the opportunity to produce customized components in series. "Complexity for free" is the keyword. With additive manufacturing technology, product variants or labeling, for example, can be freely defined.

Immediate feedback on manufacturability and costs

To this end, Protiq's range of services already includes several online configurators. Without any specific design expertise, any user can design their individual product online and free of charge within a few minutes and initiate production directly as "print on demand". Thanks to Protiq's standardized and digitalized processes, Zamak 5 components are ready for delivery within just a few working days.

Another special feature is the "instant pricing" for zinc components on the web platform. The manufacturability of the component geometry provided by the customer is automatically checked and a price for production is generated within seconds. This means that the product developer does not have to wait weeks for the information and can carry out meaningful tests much earlier. In addition, any change to the 3D model can be quickly and cost-effectively applied to a new prototype, resulting in greater flexibility and considerable added value in product development.

Protiq therefore offers the ideal conditions for producing small and medium-sized series to the highest quality standards in addition to prototypes. The high quality standards are guaranteed thanks to certification in accordance with DIN ISO 9001 and as an additive manufacturer in accordance with the PPP 11001:2018 standards by TÜV Süd. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Lohn, Head of Development, Protiq

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